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window

/ˈwɪndoʊ/

An opening admitting light, air, or a view

From O.English, Proto-Germanic wind (Moving air) + O.English, Proto-Germanic eye (Eye).

noun
verb
wind
Old Norse
AI-inferred
vindr
“wind”; the moving air in the compound
Middle English
Verified
wynd
Inherited form meaning moving air or breath

from Middle English wyndowe, wyndown

Modern English
AI-inferred
wind
Air in motion; contributing the first element of window
eye
Old Norse
Verified
auga
“eye”; also used metaphorically for an opening

from Old Norse vindauga (Old Danish vindue )

+1 more source
Middle English
AI-inferred
eȝe / eye
“eye,” including an aperture or hole
Modern English
AI-inferred
eye
The visual organ; contributing the second element
Combined
Old Norse vindauga
Literally “wind-eye” or “wind-hole,” an unglazed opening admitting air and light
Middle English
Verified
wyndowe / wyndown
Borrowed from Old Norse into English around the early 13th century

from Middle English wyndowe, wyndown

Modern English
AI-inferred
window
Originally an unglazed wall or roof opening; later commonly fitted with glass
Modern English
window

Before glass became ordinary, a northern European house did not have a neat pane looking onto the street; it had a hole, often in the roof, through which wind could swagger in. Old Norse speakers called this a vindauga—literally a “wind-eye”—and English borrowed the idea around 1200 as wyndowe. Wait, really? English already had its own “eye-hole,” ēagþyrl, but the Viking phrase won, much as imported fashions often defeat perfectly serviceable local ones. The two pieces have surprising cousins: wind is related to words for blowing and even wend, while eye belongs to the family of optic, iris, and ogle. For centuries “window” meant an opening rather than a sheet of glass, and only later did it become the framed, glazed object we picture today—so every modern window still preserves the image of a wall growing an eye to let the wind look through.

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