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adobe

/əˈdoʊ.bi/

sun-dried mudbrick, or its clay mass

From Spanish adobe (mudbrick) + Arabic al-tob (the brick) + O.French / Latin (disputed) daub (to smear).

noun
adjective
adobe
Spanish
Verified
adobe
a sun-dried, unburnt brick

from Spanish adobe "unburnt brick dried in the sun," which is said by 19c. Dutch Arabist Reinhart Dozy to be

English
Verified
adobe
borrowed in 1739 for the mudbrick used in the Americas

from Spanish adobe "unburnt brick dried in the sun," which is said by 19c. Dutch Arabist Reinhart Dozy to be

al-tob
Arabic
AI-inferred
al-tob
proposed source meaning 'the brick'
Spanish
Verified
adobe
possible borrowing or reshaping through oral transmission

from Spanish adobe "unburnt brick dried in the sun," which is said by 19c. Dutch Arabist Reinhart Dozy to be

daub
Old French
AI-inferred
dauber
to whitewash, plaster
Spanish
AI-inferred
adobar
proposed alternative source, linked to plastering or smearing
English
Verified
adobe
possible semantic cousin: something daubed or plastered with earth

from Spanish adobe "unburnt brick dried in the sun," which is said by 19c. Dutch Arabist Reinhart Dozy to be

Modern English
adobe

A sun-baked brick can carry a whole argument about language history. In the Southwest, adobe walls look simple—just mud, straw, and a fierce desert sun—but the word hiding inside them may have wandered in through Arabic, or maybe taken a detour through a Spanish verb meaning “to plaster.” That makes it a linguistic little courtroom drama: one side sees al-tob, “the brick,” while another hears the dusty echo of daub, the same family that gives English its idea of smearing paint or mud onto a wall. The first English citation turns up in 1739, which is a nice reminder that words for old building methods can still arrive late to the party. Either way, adobe is the kind of word that sounds soft but has survived centuries by hardening in the sun.

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