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anoint

/əˈnɔɪnt/

Smear with oil; consecrate or officially choose

From O.English, ultimately Latin prefix usage in this compound in (in) + Latin unguere (smear).

verb
in
Old English
AI-inferred
in
Preposition meaning “in, into, upon, among”
Middle English
AI-inferred
in
Inherited as a productive preposition and prefix
unguere
Latin
Verified
unguere
“to smear, rub with ointment, anoint”

from Latin inunguere "to anoint,"

Latin
AI-inferred
unctus
Past participial form meaning “anointed”; source of later derivatives such as unctuous
Combined
Latin inunguere
in- “in, into” combined with unguere “to smear”: literally, “smear on”
Latin
Verified
inunguere
“to anoint”

from Latin inunguere "to anoint,"

Old French
Verified
enoindre; enoint
Enoindre meant “to smear on”; enoint was its past participle, “smeared”

from Old French enoint "smeared on," past participle of enoindre "smear on,"

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
enointen, anointen
Borrowed in the mid-14th century; the initial vowel shifted toward a-

from Old French enoint "smeared on," past participle of enoindre "smear on,"

+1 more source
Modern English
AI-inferred
anoint
To apply oil ritually, or figuratively to choose someone for high office
Modern English
anoint

Before “anoint” sounded like something reserved for kings and prophets, it was much more down-to-earth: oil rubbed onto skin, perhaps as medicine, perfume, or protection against imagined demons. Latin speakers built the verb inunguere from in-, “on or into,” and unguere, “to smear”; its oily family still survives in unguent and the wonderfully slippery adjective unctuous. Medieval French turned the expression into enoindre and its participle enoint, which English borrowed as enointen before the opening vowel drifted toward anoint in the late fourteenth century. The Coverdale Bible of 1535 helped give the word its grand religious aura, especially in phrases such as “the Lord’s Anointed.” Later, the physical dab of oil became a metaphorical coronation: a party can “anoint” a successor without bringing out a cruet, so modern power still carries a faint shine of sacred oil.

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