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belabor

/bɪˈleɪbər/

Attack verbally or work on excessively

From Middle English; Germanic prefix be- (On) + Latin, via Old French labor (Toil).

verb
be-
Middle English
be-
Prefix meaning “on, upon, about, over”
Early Modern English
be-
Productive prefix used to indicate intensive action upon something
labor
Latin
labōrem
Inflected form of labor, “toil, exertion, hardship”
Old French
labor
“Toil, work, exertion, task; tribulation”
Middle English
labour
Work, effort, hardship, or a difficult task
English
labor
Exertion or work, especially strenuous work
Combined
belabor
be- + labor: literally, to work upon or assail something intensely
English, 15th century
belabored
Initially “tilled” or “cultivated”; figuratively, subjected to forceful treatment
English, 1590s
belabor
To exert strength upon; also, figuratively, to assail with words
Modern English
belabor
To attack verbally or discuss, explain, or emphasize excessively
Modern English
belabor

Picture someone not merely working, but leaning bodily into a task: that is the force of be- in belabor, “upon” or “over,” joined to Latin labor, “toil” or “hardship.” The word first had a surprisingly agricultural flavor: belabored could mean “tilled” or “cultivated” in the fifteenth century, before the modern sense of verbally pounding away at a point appeared in the 1590s. Latin labor itself wandered through Old French labor and Middle English labour, gathering meanings such as pain, fatigue, childbirth, and even a finished product—the result of work. Its ultimate origin is uncertain; one proposal connects it with Latin labare, “to totter,” imagining a person staggering under a burden, but the etymologist Michiel de Vaan considers that explanation unconvincing. So when a speaker belabors an argument, the metaphor is wonderfully physical: the argument has become a stubborn patch of earth, and the speaker keeps hammering at it long after the seeds—or the audience’s patience—are gone.

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