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culture

/ˈkʌltʃər/

Shared customs, arts, beliefs, and ways of life

From Latin colō / cultūr- (to till).

noun
noun
verb
verb
*k
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*k
reconstructed
Reconstructed root meaning “to move; to turn around”

from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

Latin
Verified
colō; cultūra
colō meant “to till, cultivate, grow,” and also “to worship”; cultūra meant “cultivation”

from Latin cultura "a cultivating, agriculture," figuratively "care, culture, an honoring,"

+1 more source
Middle French
Verified
culture
“Cultivation; culture,” borrowed from Latin

from Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”)

Modern English
culture

Picture a Roman farmer turning dark soil with a wooden plow: that daily labor was cultūra, from colō, “I tend or cultivate.” The same Latin verb could also mean “worship,” because tending a field and tending a relationship with the gods both involved sustained care. By the 1500s, English speakers began applying the farming metaphor to the mind: education could cultivate a person just as rain and labor cultivate a crop. The metaphor then kept expanding—first to cultivated oysters and bacteria, and eventually to the shared habits, art, beliefs, and institutions of whole societies. In 1867, the social sense of culture was established enough to describe a people collectively, but the old garden remains underneath: culture is what a community grows, tends, and passes on.

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