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dog

/dɔɡ/

Domesticated canine; to pursue or harass persistently

From O.English dog (Dog).

noun
verb
dog
Old English
Verified
dogga, docga
A late, rare term for a dog; its origin is uncertain.

from Old English dogga, docga, of uncertain origin. The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to...

Middle English
Verified
dogge
Used for a dog, sometimes specifically a powerful or poorly bred one; akin to Scots dug.

from Middle English dogge (akin to Scots dug)

Early Modern English
Verified
dog
By the 16th century, it displaced hound as the ordinary general word for a domestic canine.

from Middle English dogge (akin to Scots dug)

Modern English
Verified
dog
The standard word for a domestic canine, with numerous figurative and slang senses.

from Middle English dogge (akin to Scots dug)

Modern English
dog

English already had a perfectly respectable word for a dog: hound, descended from the ancient Indo-European word represented by PIE *kwon-, the ancestor of canine and cynic. Then, sometime before about 1200, dogga appeared like an etymological stray puppy, with no securely identified parent. It may have been a pet-form with the suffix -ga, perhaps related to words for something dark, useful, or stumpy—but none of these theories has won the leash. In medieval England, hound was the broad everyday term while dog could suggest a stocky, rough, or badly bred animal; by the 16th century, dog had staged a complete takeover, leaving hound mainly for hunting breeds. The word then crossed the Channel and became French dogue, German Dogge, and Danish dogge, while dogfish acquired its name from the old image of sharks hunting in packs. So dog is a linguistic mystery that conquered English anyway: the word with no known pedigree became the world’s most familiar canine label.

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