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infirmity

/ɪnˈfɝːmət̬i/

Weakness, illness, or moral frailty, especially age-related

From Latin infirm (Weak).

noun
infirm
PIE
*dher-
To hold firmly or support; reconstructed ancestor explicitly cited by the source
Latin
firmus
Strong, stable, constant, or trusty
Latin
infirmus
Not strong; weak, frail, or feeble
Middle English
infirme
Weak, sick, or physically feeble
-ity
Latin
-itās
A noun-forming suffix expressing a state or quality
Anglo-French and Middle English
-ite, -ity
Suffix used to form abstract nouns denoting a condition or quality
Combined
infirm + -ity → infirmity
The adjective meaning weak combines with a suffix meaning a state or quality.
English
infirmity
A state of physical weakness, illness, or moral frailty; especially associated with old age
Modern English
infirmity

The word begins with a small verbal shove: Latin in- means “not,” placed before firmus, “strong” or “steady.” Firmus is related to the same ancient idea of holding something securely, the reconstructed PIE root *dher-, which also lurks behind words such as firm and firmament—the “solid” sky imagined as a supporting structure. By the late fourteenth century, English infirm could describe things that were unsound; by about 1600, it was being used especially for people who were weak or unhealthy. Add the abstract-noun suffix -ity, and the result names not merely a frail person but the condition itself: infirmity. The word can describe a failing body, particularly in old age, but it can also point to a moral weakness—a reminder that “not firm” once applied to character as readily as to knees.

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