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lunch

/lʌntʃ/

Light midday meal; to eat midday

From uncertain; likely Germanic/Scandinavian or continental lump (a thick piece).

noun
verb
lump
Middle English
AI-inferred
lunpe / lumpe
a small mass or thick piece; the likely source behind the 'hunk' sense
Early Modern English
AI-inferred
luncheon
used for a piece or hunk, and later for a light meal
Modern English
AI-inferred
lunch
shortened from luncheon in the meal sense
noon / nuncheon
Middle English
Verified
nonechenche
a light midday meal; a competing source proposed by some etymologists

from Middle English nonechenche (“light midday meal”) (see nuncheon) and altered by northern English dialect lunch...

Middle English
AI-inferred
nuncheon
light midday refreshment, linked to noon
Early Modern English
AI-inferred
luncheon
possibly influenced by, or blended with, the earlier midday-meal word
lonja
Spanish
Verified
lonja
"a slice," literally related to "loin"; offered as a speculative comparison for the 'piece' sense

from Spanish lonja (“a slice”, literally “loin”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American)...

Middle English
AI-inferred
lunch / lunching
a northern dialect word for a hunk of bread or cheese; the exact pathway is uncertain
Modern English
AI-inferred
lunch
the meal word may have been reinforced by the idea of a substantial piece
Combined
lunch
The modern meal word is best explained as a shortening of luncheon, but its deeper origin is disputed: a 'hunk/piece' word may have shifted into a meal word, or a noon-based word may have influenced the form.
Modern English
AI-inferred
lunch → to lunch
verb use appears by 1786
Modern English
AI-inferred
out to lunch
slang meaning 'crazy, clueless' develops from not being mentally present
Modern English
lunch

A sandwich has a surprisingly grubby ancestry. In the 1500s and 1600s, English had a word for a thick chunk or hunk, and that chunky idea seems to have shadowed the later meal word luncheon, which eventually got chopped down to lunch. But there was also a rival path: nuncheon, a light midday snack, built on noon, the same old time-word that once meant the ninth hour of the day. So lunch sits at a little crossroads, part hunk, part noon, with a possible side glance at Spanish lonja, meaning a slice. By the 1780s it was common enough to be a verb too, and by 1955 'out to lunch' had become a perfect insult for somebody whose brain has clearly left the building.

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