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mercurial

/mərˈkjʊriəl/

quick, changeable, lively, volatile

From Latin mercur (Mercury).

adjective
noun
mercur
Latin
Verified
Mercurialis
meaning 'pertaining to Mercury'

from Latin Mercurialis

Late Middle English
Verified
mercurial
borrowed into English by the late 14th century

from Latin Mercurialis

Modern English
Verified
mercurial
expanded from 'of Mercury' to 'changeable, volatile, quick'

from Latin Mercurialis

Modern English
mercurial

Roman Mercury had a job description that sounds like a startup founder, a customs officer, and a gossip columnist all at once: messenger, trader, guide, trickster. So when medieval and early modern writers called someone mercurial, they were invoking a god who could dart between worlds in a flash. The twist is that the word also got a little help from quicksilver, the old name for mercury, because the metal skitters around like a drop that refuses to sit still. That same family of meanings leaves trails into chemistry with mercuric and mercurous, and into the planet Mercury itself, which never lingers in the sky. Say 'mercurial' and you're basically describing a personality with the blink-and-you-miss-it energy of both a winged sandal and a bead of liquid metal.

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