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sorrow

/ˈsɑːroʊ/

Deep sadness caused by loss, suffering, or regret

From Germanic, ultimately Proto-Indo-European sorg (worry).

noun
verb
sorg
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*swergʰ-
reconstructed
“to worry, be sick”; also linked with watching over and suffering

from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”) (compare Old Irish serg (“sickness”), Tocharian...

Proto-Germanic
Verified
*surgō
reconstructed
The reconstructed source of Germanic words for sorrow and care

from Proto-Germanic *surgō (compare West Frisian soarch, Dutch zorg, German Sorge, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sorg)

Old English
Verified
sorg
“grief, regret, trouble, care, pain, anxiety”

from Old English sorg "grief, regret, trouble, care, pain, anxiety,"

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
sorwe, sorow, sorewe
The medieval English forms that developed into modern sorrow

from Middle English sorwe, sorow, sorewe

Modern English
sorrow

Long before sorrow became an English feeling, its ancestor described the bodily experience of being unwell and the mental experience of being unable to stop worrying. Old English sorg could cover an entire storm cloud of trouble: grief, anxiety, pain, and care. The same Germanic family still sits plainly in German Sorge and Dutch zorg, both meaning “care” or “concern”—a reminder that care and sorrow once shared much more emotional territory than they do today. In the Middle English period, scribes wrote sorwe, sorow, and sorewe, gradually steering the form toward sorrow. And despite the tempting resemblance, sorrow is not historically related to sore or sorry; the family tree is stranger than the spelling suggests, with sickness and worry standing at its ancient root.

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