Back to explorer

entry

sterile

/ˈstɛɹaɪl/

Unable to produce offspring or growth

From Proto-Indo-European ster (lacking).

adjective
ster
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*ster-
reconstructed
a root meaning 'lacking, sterile'; some scholars connect it with 'stiff, rigid'

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
Latin
Verified
sterilis
barren, unproductive, unfruitful

from Latin sterilis "barren, unproductive, unfruitful; unrequited; unprofitable." This is held to be

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
stérile
not producing fruit

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
Middle French
Verified
stérile
carried into English through learned borrowing

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
-ilis
Latin
Verified
-ilis
a common adjective-forming ending

from Latin sterilis "barren, unproductive, unfruitful; unrequited; unprofitable." This is held to be

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
-ile
Latin adjective ending preserved in borrowed learned words

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
Combined
sterilis
Latin adjective built on the root idea of barrenness
Middle English
Verified
sterile
first recorded in the mid-15th century

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
Modern English
Verified
sterile
extended from barren land and plants to people, ideas, writing, and germ-free conditions

from Old French stérile "not producing fruit" and directly

+1 more source
Modern English
sterile

A word that now makes us think of hospital trays and laboratory gloves once lived in the world of orchards and fields. Latin sterilis meant a tree that would not bear fruit, and English picked it up in the mid-1400s before stretching it to people, then to ideas, then to anything so lifeless it seems to have been swept clean of possibility. The family resemblance to fertile is delicious: one word is all growth and bounty, the other is the bare patch where nothing takes root. And tucked behind the whole thing is a deeper, slightly spooky ancestor, *ster-, which may have meant 'lacking' or even 'stiff' — as if a thing that cannot bend toward life simply stays rigid and empty. That is the memory behind sterile: not just absence, but a stubborn, deadened kind of emptiness.

§