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suffering

/ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

The experience or condition of pain and hardship

From Latin, via Old French and Middle English suffer (To carry or bear under).

noun
verb
adjective
suffer
Latin
AI-inferred
sufferre
To carry or bear under; endure, undergo, or tolerate
Old French
AI-inferred
sofrir
To bear, endure, resist, permit, or allow
Middle English to Modern English
AI-inferred
suffren → suffering
The verb gained the sense of undergoing pain or hardship; -ing forms the verbal noun
Modern English
suffering

Picture the Latin verb sufferre as a person carrying a heavy load beneath something overhead: sub means “under,” while ferre means “to carry.” That ancient image eventually traveled through Vulgar Latin and Old French sofrir before arriving in English as suffren. By the mid-fourteenth century, suffering could mean not merely enduring an ordeal but the painful condition itself—a shift sharpened by medieval sermons about Christ’s Passion and the trials of martyrs. The same deep root, *bʰer-, also lies behind words connected with bearing and carrying, so suffering is etymologically a burden one carries. In 1526, William Tyndale wrote, “For ye suffre foles gladly,” giving the verb a famous early English home; the word still asks us to imagine pain as weight held under the shoulders.

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