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valedictorian

/ˌvælɪdɪkˈtɔːriən/

graduating student delivering the farewell address

From Latin vale (farewell) + Latin dict (say or speak).

noun
adjective
vale
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂welh₁-
powerful, strong; to rule
Latin
vale
farewell; imperative of valeō, “be well”
Latin
valedictum
farewell utterance; accusative supine of valedīcō
dict
Proto-Indo-European
*deyḱ-
to point out
Latin
dīcō
to say or speak
Latin
valedīcō
to bid farewell; literally, “say farewell”
-ian
English
-ian
suffix forming a person associated with something
English
-an
variant suffix used in formations referring to people
Combined
valedictory
English valedictory, from Latin valedictum plus English -ory, means relating to a farewell or farewell speech.
English, 1832
valedictorian
student who delivers the valedictory address at commencement
American English, 1834
valedictorian
also used adjectivally
Modern English
valedictorian

At graduation, the valedictorian is supposed to say farewell—but the word’s Latin machinery is almost comically literal: vale means “farewell,” while dīcō means “I say.” A Roman leaving a friend might effectively be told to “say farewell,” and that valedīcō eventually became valedictum, the source of English valedictory. English attached the people-making suffix -ian, producing the person associated with the farewell speech. The title emerged in American English in 1832, although the valedictory address itself had been a named English tradition since the eighteenth century. The surprising family resemblance continues: dīcō also sits behind diction, dictate, verdict, benediction, and contradiction—so a valedictorian is, etymologically, a farewell-speaker in the same extended family as someone who gives a verdict.

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