Back to explorer

entry

vulnerable

/ˈvʌln(ə)rəbəl/

Open to being wounded, harmed, attacked, or influenced

From Latin vuln (wound).

adjective
vuln
Proto-Indo-European (reconstructed)
Verified
*wele-nes-
reconstructed
Proposed ancestor associated with wounding; the connection is uncertain.

from PIE *wele-nes-

Latin
AI-inferred
vulnus (genitive vulneris)
“Wound”; the noun underlying the later verb.
Latin
Verified
vulnerare
“To wound, hurt, injure, maim.”

from Latin vulnerare "to wound, hurt, injure, maim,"

Late Latin
Verified
vulnerabilis
“Wounding” or “injurious”; source of English vulnerable.

from Late Latin vulnerabilis "wounding,"

+1 more source
English, c. 1600
AI-inferred
vulnerable
Originally “capable of being wounded”; later extended to places open to attack.
Modern English
vulnerable

A vulnerable person is, in the oldest sense, someone who can be wounded—quite literally. The trail leads through Latin vulnus, “wound,” and its verb vulnerare, “to wound, maim, or injure,” before Late Latin vulnerabilis arrived with the sense “wounding” or “injurious.” English picked up vulnerable around 1600, and by 1790 it was being used for fortresses and other places open to attack. The deepest connection is not entirely settled: one theory links vulnus to a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to strike or wound,” while another compares it with Latin vellere, “to pluck or tear.” Either way, the word preserves a vivid image—a person, bridge, or emotional confidence with its protective armor removed.

§